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Transit Planning and Research Reports -- Annotated Bibliography







TRANSIT  PLANNING AND RESEARCH REPORTS


ANNOTATED  BIBLIOGRAPHY




NOVEMBER 1993




Prepared by:

Marina Drancsak




Prepared for:

Federal Transit Administration
U.S. Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590



Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
400  7th Street, SW,  Room 6100
Washington, DC  20590



Report Number

FTA-TTS-5-93-2




Table of Contents



Forward


Advanced Public Transportation Systems





Clean Air Program 






Finance






Information Program






Planning & Project Development





Policy Analysis & Evaluation





Regional Mobility 






Rural & Specialized Transit 






Safety & Security






Technology Development 






Transit Accessibility 






University Transportation Centers 






Evaluation Form 

Report Order Form 



FOREWORD



Federal Transit Administration

National Planning & Research Program

Annotated Bibliography


November 1993


This annotated bibliography presents the most current and
available project reports, as of November 1993, sponsored by the
Federal Transit Administration (FTA), U.S. Department of
Transportation, Washington, DC.  The bibliography is a reference
tool designed to provide easy and rapid access to FTA-sponsored
project reports.  The intent is to keep the transit industry and
the general public well-informed of the FTA's planning and
research activities.  


The FTA plans to continue to provide this type of information by
periodically publishing similar bibliographies and disseminating
them to the transit community.  This technical assistance
initiative emanates from the FTA mission to ensure personal
mobility and American economic and community vitality by
supporting high quality public transportation through leadership,
technical assistance and financial resources.      


Each report referenced in this document consists of a
bibliographic entry accompanied by a report availability
statement and a summary description of the project report.  The
index includes keywords that have been extracted from thefull-text reports as well as from the summary descriptions cited
in this bibliography.  This was done to provide more complete
coverage of the reports' contents.  


The final section of the bibliography contains a report order
form and an evaluation form as well as a request for future
editions of the FTA Annotated Bibliography.  Your response to
these forms is important to ensuring that the FTA continues to
meet your technical information needs.


The project reports cited in this document are mainly products of
the FTA National Program of Planning & Research.  The National
Program of Planning & Research is one of the six elements of the
Transit Planning & Research Program which was established under
the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of
1991.  The National Program of Planning & Research supports
activities that have a national focus for:




Projects in the FTA National Planning & Research Program
represent a mix of research, demonstrations and studies or
development and application of new technologies, as well as
information dissemination and evaluation.

Return to Table of Contents

   

ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS




Advanced Public Transportation Systems: The State of the Art Update '92. 
 

April 1992, 108pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, 
Labell LN and Schweiger CP,   
(FTA-MA-26-007-92-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161.
NTIS Order No. PB 92-218304



This report documents one of the components of FTA's Advanced
Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program designed
to undertake research and development of innovative applications
of advanced navigation, information, and communication 
technologies that most benefit public transportation.  The report 
updates the April 1991 state of the art document.  It presents
the results of a limited investigation of the extent of adoption
of advanced technology in public transportation service in North
America.  The study focuses on some innovative implementations, namely:  
market development, customer interface, vehicle operations and communications, 
and high occupancy vehicle facility operations.  Concepts of smart traveler 
and smart vehicle are discussed in detail.  This study was designed to increase 
the industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies
with the expectation of widespread industry adoption.

Return to Table of Contents

Advanced Public Transportation Systems:  A Bibliography with Abstracts, 1985-1991.


April 1992, 64 pp, Transportation Research Board and Federal Transit
 Administration, Drancsak M amd Maddock J,

(FTA-TTS-30-92-1).

 
Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-92-16



This report is a compendium of bibliographic references retrieved from 
the Urban Mass Transportation Research Information Service (UMTRIS) 
which references the application of smart car and fleet management technologies 
to bus systems.  The document includes sections both on projects sponsored by 
the FTA and by other agencies and the private sector.  Abstracts of both completed 
projects and ongoing research are included.  A list of regional repositories from which 
reports are available on an interlibrary loan basis is included.

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Advanced Vehicle Monitoring and Communication Systems for Bus 
Transit:  Benefits and Economic Feasibility.


Revised March 1993, University of Pennsylvania, Morlok EK, Bruun EC 
and Blackmon KJ,

(FTA-PA-11-0035-93-1).


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-94-01 



This revised edition (July 1991 report) addresses one of the most important 
and potentially effective ways to improve the attractiveness of bus transit services--the 
use of advanced information technology to monitor and control bus operations.  
Specifically, it focuses on the use of advanced vehicle monitoring and communication 
(AVM/C) systems.  The report analyzes the feasbility of AVM/C  systems for bus transit 
in the U.S.  Such systems are widely used in Europe and Canada to provide more reliable 
and efficient bus services, but have seen little deployment in the U.S.  Many systems are 
now available from both American and foreign vendors, and thus the question of whether 
or not to deploy such a system is at the forefront of many transit agencies.  In this report, 
the potential benefits of such a system are discussed, including benefits to riders in the 
form of better service, to the agency in the form of increased revenues and reduced costs, 
and to communities in a variety of ways.  A method for evaluating the feasibility of leasing 
and purchasing AVM/C systems is presented.  Calculations for typical U.S. conditions 
suggest that these systems should be quite cost-effective, improving both agency 
finances and passenger satisfaction.
 
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Assessment of Advanced Technologies for 
Transit and Rideshare Applications.


July 1991, 138 pp, Transportation Research Board, Dvies P and Hill C,

(FTA-DC-06-0651-91-1).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/NTIS
Springfield, VA  22161
NTIS Order No.  PB 92-101641



This report examinies advanced technologies and systems that can be applied 
to high occupancy vehicles, ridesharing and transit needs.  It includes assessments 
of advanced technology options from benefit and cost persectives.  Separate chapters
review innovations in the following systems:  Advanced Traveler Information, Advanced 
Traffic Management, Fleet Management and Control, and Automatic Vehicle Control Systems.  
Each review examines technologies that have already been widely implemented, 
non-implemented technologies that can be immediately applied, technologies that have 
potential for implementation in the next five years, and technologies that might possibly 
be developed for longer term future applications.  This report should be of interest to highway, 
transit and planning professionals.

Return to Table of Contents

Assessment of Computer Dispatch Technology 
in the Paratransit Industry.


March 1992, 57pp, University of North Carolina, Stone JR and Gilbert G,

(FTA-NC-08-7001-92-1).


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-92-23



This report documents the results of an investigation into one area of technological 
advancement -- computer dispatching and scheduling technology.  The study examines 
current computerized dispatching capabilities of taxicab companies and computerized 
scheduling capabilities of paratransit operations.  The central research question is whether 
computer dispatch technology is, or will be capable of, effectively improving the efficiency 
of dispatching shared-ride vehicles on a real-time basis.

Return to Table of Contents

Bellevue Smart Traveler and Cellular Telecommunications.


May 1993, 72pp, Bellevue Transportation Management Association, Pieratti D and Haselkorn M,

(FTA-WA-06-0039-93-1).


Available from:

TRechnology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-93-36



This Phase I report documents project planning and activities during the 11 months of project 
operations.  Phase I was initiated as an operational test of innovative technology to enhance 
ridesharing using cellular telecommunication, voice mail and computerized real-time information 
in carpools and vanpools.  The goal was to see if these advanced technologies could be engineered 
and integrated into a new kind of information infrastructure which could make carpools and vanpools 
a more effective and attractive mode of mass transportation.  Findings indicate a potential for these 
and other communication technology.

Return to Table of Contents

California Smart Traveler System.


February 1992, 90pp, Agis Transportation Informations SYstems, Inc., Behnke RW,

(FTA-CA-06-0240-92-1).


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-92-16 



This 90 page report describes how information can be presented to passengers via 
audiotex and videotex information systems, and how these systems can be used to develop 
new modes of public transportation like parataxis (single-trip carpools).  It also describes how 
these new modes can be integrated with conventional transit, paratransit and ridesharing modes 
to reduce traffic congestion, and reduce air pollution.

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Cost Estimates for Selected California Smart Traveler Opertional Tests.  
Volume 1, Technical Report.


March 1993, 52pp, Aegis Transportation Informations Systems, Inc., Benke RW,

(FTA-CA-26-0007-93-1).


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-93-31



 This report examines the costs of telephone-based information systems which can be 
used to develop new types of public transportation services, and integrate these services 
with conventional transit.  The cost esitmates focus on three areas in California and were 
based on data from Germany and an operational test of a smart bus system in Shellharbour, 
New South Wales, Australia.  The report also compares the costs of using smart traveler 
approaches with the costs of expanding conventional transit services.

Return to Table of Contents

Cost Estimates for Selected California Smart Traveler Operational Tests.  
Volume 2, Appendices.


March 1993, 52pp, Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Inc., Behnke RW,

(FTA-CA-0007-93-2)


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-93-32



This is a companion report to the Volume 1, Technical Report which explores the costs of 
telephone-based information systems that can be used to develop new types of public 
transportation services, and integrate these services with conventional transit.  This report 
contains the following 7 appendices:  Change in Means of Transportation to Work; Cost-Benefit 
Analysis of RUF-BUS and FOCCS; Shellharbour Test of a Computer-aided Responsive Bus; 
Shellharbour Operational Test Cost Estimates; San Ramon/Pleasanton CA, Operational Test 
Cost Estimates; UCLA/Westwood CA, Operational Test Cost Estimates; and San Diego/North 
City CA, Operational Test Cost Estimates.

Return to Table of Contents

Feasibility Study of Advanced Technology HOV Systems.  Volume 1:  Phased 
Implementation of Longitudinal Control Systems.


December 1992, 112pp, University of California, Berkley, Chira-Chavala T and Yoo SM,

Report No.  FTA-CA-14-0001-92-1


Interlibrary loan available from:

Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL  60201 
    telephone  (708) 491-5273
    FAX (708) 491-8601



or


Institute of Transportation Studies Library
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley, CA  94720
     telephone  (510) 642-3604
     FAX (510) 642-9180



This researrch project consists of 5 separate volumes.  The ultimate goal is to 
eventually implement fully-automated systems on all roadways, and to maximize the 
safety and capacity benefit of these advanced technologies.  Volume 1 study 
objectives are to identify strategies for early deployment of longitudinal control (LC) 
technologies on the highway and to evaluate potential impacts of these strategies 
on traffic operations, highway capacity, and traffic conditions.  LC technologies range 
from driver-assisted intelligent cruise control systems (ICCs) to automated systems 
with close-formation platooning.  This volume consists of two chapters preceded by 
a description of a two-phased implementation plan of LC technologies.  Chapte 1 
focuses on the evaluation of ICCs.  Chapter 2 evaluates LC systems with close-formation 
platooning in one-lane transitways.  Included is a List of References.
 
Return to Table of Contents

Feasibility Study of Advanced Technology HOV 
Systems.  Volume 2A:  Feasibility of Implementing Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicle 
Technology in El Monte Busway.  Case Study.


December 1992, 115pp, University of California, Berkley, Chira-Chavala T and Lechner EH,

Report No.  FTA-CA-14-0001-92-2


Interlibrary loan available from:

Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL  60201 
    telephone  (708) 491-5273
    FAX (708) 491-8601



or


Institute of Transportation Studies Library
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley, CA  94720
     telephone  (510) 642-3604
     FAX (510) 642-9180



This project report assesses the feasibility of early deployment of the roadway-powered 
electric vehicle (RPEV) technology in existing high-occupancy-vehicle facilities in California.  
The report is organized into 7 sections, one for each of the following tasks:  current status of 
technology development of RPEV; site selection and data collection; scale of electricifcation 
for the El Monte busway; design of RPEV system for El Monte busway; utility load for El Monte 
system; plan for technology demonstration; and cost estimation.  A List of References included.

Return to Table of Contents

Feasibility Study of Advanced Technology HOV Systems.  Volume 2B:
Emissions Impact of Roadway-Powered Electric Buses, Light-Duty
Vehicles and Automobiles. 
 

December 1992, 113pp, University of California, Berkeley, Madato
V.

Report No.  FTA-CA-11-0035-92-3.


Interlibrary loan available from:


Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL  60201 
    telephone  (708) 491-5273
    FAX (708) 491-8601



or


Institute of Transportation Studies Library
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley, CA  94720
     telephone  (510) 642-3604
     FAX (510) 642-9180



Volume  2B investigates potential near-term (1995) air quality
benefits due to roadway-powered electric vehicles (RPEV)
vis-a-vis conventional internal combustion engine vehicles
(ICEV).  This report describes the changes in pollutant emissions
as a result of adopting roadway-powered electric buses, light
duty vehicles, and automobiles in California.  The analysis
involves comparing emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, and particulate matter, in
grams per vehicle-mile of travel between RPEVs and existing
ICEVs.  Findings indicate that significant reductions in
emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide can  be expected
from the adoption of RPEVs, while fluctuations between emission
increases and reductions are likely for nitrogen, oxides of
sulfur, and particulate matter.  

Return to Table of Contents

Feasibility Study of Advanced Technology HOV Systems.  Volume 3:
Benefit Implications of Alternative Policies for Including HOV
Lanes in Route Guidance Networks.
  

December 1992, 58pp, University of California, Berkeley,    
Chira-Chavala T and Lin WH, 

Report No.  FTA-CA-14-0001-92-4. 


Interlibrary loan available from:


Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL  60201 
    telephone  (708) 491-5273
    FAX (708) 491-8601



or


Institute of Transportation Studies Library
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley, CA  94720
    telephone  (510) 642-3604
    FAX (510) 642-9180



This study investigates the statement of whether it would be
beneficial to include high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes in route
guidance networks when HOV lanes exist on the corridors.   The
research tasks are to identify policy options for incorporating
HOV lanes in route guidance networks so that route guidance
information can be provided to both HOVs and single occupancy
vehicles (SOVs); and to assess travel-time impacts of these
policy options relative to a commonly planned route guidance
scenario.  The report is organized into 6 sections and discusses
the following topic areas:   a hypothetical corridor and 2 policy
scenarios for including HOV lanes in route guidance networks; 
the methodology; analysis results and implications for freeway
congestion levels; and  conclusions.  A List of References is
included.  

Return to Table of Contents

Feasibility Study of Advanced Technology HOV Systems.  Volume 4:
Implementation of Lateral Control Systems in Transitways.


December 1992, University of California, Berkeley,    
Chira-Chavala T and Zhang WB, 

Report No.    FTA-CA-14-0001-92-5.


Interlibrary loan available from:


Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL  60201 
     telephone  (708) 491-5273
     FAX (708) 491-8601



or


Institute of Transportation Studies Library
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley, CA  94720
     telephone  (510) 642-3604
     FAX (510) 642-9180


The ultimate goal of this project is to eventually implement
fully-automated systems on all roadways, and to maximize the
safety and capacity benefit of lateral control technologies. 
Progress toward this goal requires an incremental implementation
plan.  The objectives of this final volume are: to identify
lateral guidance/control  systems that use discrete magnetic
markers as a roadway reference for incremental implementation in
existing transitways; to assess the safety and traffic impacts of
these incremental systems; and to identify human factor issues
related to system  implementation.  The two sections  of this
final  report  address the strategy and impacts of phased
implementation of lateral guidance/control  systems  in   HOV 
facilities, and  human factor issues.  

Return to Table of Contents

German Smart-Bus Systems: Potential for Application in    
Portland, Oregon.  Volume 1:  Technical Report.


January 1993, 104pp, Aegis Transportation Information Systems,
Inc., Behnke RW, 

(FTA-OR- 06-0013-93-1). 


Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation 
Washington, DC  20590 
Order No.  DOT-T-93-25.



This document describes the potential of advanced computer
telecommunications smart bus technologies now operating in
Germany to serve fast-growing American suburban areas. It
describes the history of the Flexible Operations Command and
Control System (FOCCS) and how it is being used in Germany to
integrate flexible-route bus, minibus and taxi services with
fixed-route bus, rail and ferry services.  The report also
describes how new telephone-based information services can be
used to enhance the cost-effectiveness of FOCCS and other German
smart bus concepts for use in the United States.  

Return to Table of Contents

German Smart-Bus Systems. Volume 2:  Appendices


January 1993, 64pp, Aegis Transportation Information Systems,  
Inc., Behnke RW, 

(FTA-OR-06-0013-93-2). 


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program 
Department of Transportation 
Washington, DC  20590.  
Order No.  DOT-T-93-26, .



The purpose of this 13-month project was to have Tri-Met of
Portland, Oregon,  critically review the West German automated
command and control system that integrates fixed-route transit,
dial-a-ride minibus and contract taxi services for possible
application in the United States.  This Appendix describes the
capabilities and enhancements of the West German FOCCS, such as
the videotex interface and the VIdeotex-ENhanced (VIXEN) systems. 
It contains sections on Advanced Rider Information Subsystem,
Advanced Driver Information Subsystem, Comments on the Design of 
VIXEN,  FOCC Cost Estimates, and the Tri-Met Strategic Plan
Pursuing a Shared Vision.  

Return to Table of Contents

Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS).  Department of
Transportation.


February 1993, 213pp, Federal Highway Administration, 
                           

Available from:

Federal Highway Administration
Office of Traffic Management & IVHS
Room 3123,   HTV-10
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  FHWA/DOT-HTV-10-93-1



The IVHS National Program consists of a range of advanced
technologies and concepts which, in combination, can improve
mobility and transportation productivity, enhance safety,
maximize use of existing facilities, conserve energy, and reduce
adverse environmental effects.  This  report describes the IVHS
projects funded by the Department of Transportation modal
administrations, namely--the FHWA, FTA, and NHTSA;   and provides
those persons interested in the IVHS program with a progress
status report.  

Return to Table of Contents

National Conference on Advanced Technologies in Public
Transportation, San Francisco,  California,  August 16-19, 1992.


July 1993, 124pp, TRB Circular 410, Transportation Research
Board, National Research  Council, 

(TRB Circular   410).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/NTIS 
Springfield, VA   22161.
NTIS Order No.  PB 93-228005



The need for a better understanding of the state-of-the-art
practices and the potential uses of advanced and emerging
technologies generated this National Conference on Advanced
Technologies in Public Transportation, held at Westin St. Francis
Hotel in San Francisco, California.  The purpose of this
conference was to bring together individuals from diverse
backgrounds who shared a common interest in the application of
advanced technologies in public transportation.  The conference
provided a benchmark on the current use of a wide range of
advanced technologies with all types of public transit systems,
as well as, a starting point for the continued examination of
transit-related applications of evolving technologies.  Workshop
sessions were held on Customer Service Technologies, Transit and
Traffic Operations Technologies, and Facility Operations and
Vehicle Technologies.  These proceedings are intended to be a
useful resource for transportation and transit professionals,
policymakers, and others interested in the application of
advanced technologies in public transportation.  

Return to Table of Contents

Advanced Public Transportation Systems:  APTS   Project  
Summaries.  


July 1993,  25pp,  Federal Transit Administration, Office of
Technical Assistance & Safety.

Report No.   FTA-TTS-30-93. 


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety 
Washington, Dc  20590



This 25 page status report provides a listing and description of
the ongoing research projects in the FTA Advanced Public
Transportation Systems (APTS) program.  The report is updated
periodically  and is designed to keep the transportation
community informed of the most recent project activities.

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CLEAN AIR PROGRAM
   



Alternative Fuel Price Summary.  Clean Air Program. 


March 1993,  20pp,   Battelle,    Sheppard WJ,

Report No.  FTA-OH-0060-93-1. 


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



This document is a compilation of alternative fuel costs that
provides both current and historical fuel cost information.  By
using representative or averaged values, an attempt is made to
place the costs of transit fuel alternatives in perspective. 
This report consists of a glossary, list of references and
numerous charts displaying alternative fuel data, and price per
unit volume information for methanol, ethanol, natural gas,
LPG-propane, unleaded gasoline, diesel fuel and price to large
users. 
 
Return to Table of Contents

Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Use Training  Manual. Clean Air
Program.
  

September  1992, 31pp, Battelle and Pine & Associates,

Report No.  FTA-OH-06-0060-92-3. 


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration 
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590.



This training manual focuses on compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel
use in transit.  It defines CNG in terms of physical properties,
flammability and effects on health.  The Safety Precautions and
Procedures section provides training in the three potential
danger areas  of natural gas--fire,  high pressures,  and  health
hazards. The last section  focuses on operating vehicles with
CNG, including repairing and fueling, and answering some common
questions associated with operating CNG vehicles.

Return to Table of Contents

Properties of Alternative Fuels.  Clean Air Program.


August 1992, 24pp, Battelle, Murphy MJ, 

Report No. FTA-OH-0060-92-5


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration 
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety  
Washington, DC  20590



This report on alternative fuel properties is intended to provide
a convenient reference to a number of alternative fuel
properties.  The report provides literature references to all
data in the tables.  The reader is urged to consult these
references and the accompanying glossary for additional
information on the origin, derivation, and meaning of the data
presented in the tables.  

Return to Table of Contents

Status of Particulate Trap Development Related to the Transit
Industry. Clean Air Program.
  

May 1991, 28pp, Batelle, Giuliani C, 

Report No.  FTA-OH-06-0056-91-1.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, Dc  20590



This report reviews the status of particulate trap developments
related to diesel transit buses.  Past, current and future system
installations are tabulated and discussed.   

Return to Table of Contents

FINANCE



Entrepreneurial  Services Program Financing   Handbook. 
 

June 1993, 116pp, Commonwealth Development   Associates, 

(FTA-PA-06-0018-93-1)


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-93-34



The Entrepreneurial Services Program Financing Handbook is an
introduction to business finance for niche transportation
companies.  It will help entrepreneurs, including community-based
business people, gain knowledge of the language and techniques of
finance that will give them greater credibility with investors
and lenders.  The Handbook is organized into 4 chapters.  Chapter
1 describes the basic methods of financial analysis.  In Chapter
2, financial planning techniques are outlined.  The different
sources of funding including equity (or stock ownership)
investment, short-and long-term loans are described in Chapter 3. 
Chapter 4 provides four  different models of reverse commuting
companies, showing how these companies can be financed at
start-up and through their stages of growth.  A Glossary  of 
Financial  Terms   is   provided.     

Return to Table of Contents

Introduction to Public Finance and Public Transit. 


January 1993, 160pp,  Public Financial Management,  Inc.,     
Stallsmith  ES,  Editor,

(FTA-VA-26-0002-93-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service /NTIS
Springfield, Virginia 22161 
NTIS Order No.   PB 93-208171.



This report examines the fundamentals underlying the tax-exempt
finance market and focuses on the issues related to the use of
lease obligation financing in conjunction with FTA grants. The
report provides an overview of the public finance market, the
economics of the municipal market, how the market is regulated,
who buys and sells tax-exempt debt and general historical market
perspectives.  The report also explores the mechanics of debt
financing, lease financing and the FTA role. In addition, it
describes cost reduction techniques for transit financing such as
international vendor financing, cross border leasing, turnkey
procurement opportunities and joint development. 

Return to Table of Contents

Report on Funding Levels and Allocation of Funds.  Report of the 
Secretary of Transportation to the United States Congress,
Pursuant to Section 3(j) of the Federal Transit Act, as amended.
 

May 1993, 250pp,  Federal Transit Administration, Office of
Budget & Policy,

Report No.  FTA-TBP-10-93-3.


Available from: 

Federal Transit  Administration 
Office of  Budget & Policy, TBP-10
Washington, DC  20590 .



This annual report presents the Department of Transportation's
recommendations to Congress  for  allocating  the  funds  for  
the Section 3 New Starts Funding Program  , i.e., new fixed
guideway systems and extensions such as light rail, subway line
or a busway/high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) facility.  The report
provides a summary of the projects now in the New Starts
"pipeline" and a summary evaluation in terms of project
justification and local financial commitment.  Appendix B
presents New Start profiles of projects in various stages, such
as projects under construction, in final design, in preliminary
engineering, in alternative analysis, and in system  planning. 

Return to Table of Contents

Region IV Technical Training Workshops in Transportation.
Financing the 1990s: Selected Presentations. 


May  1993, 120pp, Walther Consultancy, Walther ES and Alexander
L. 

(FTA-TGM-20-93-3).


Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program 
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590.
Order No.  DOT-T-93-28



This report documents 12 presentations from a regional conference
on transportation financing held in Nashville, Tennessee,  June
21-24, 1993. Topics  covered include state-level tax financing,
working with the private sector,  creative local non-tax
financing, use of benefit assessment districts, and the potential
of system coordination.  Short overviews of Federal programs that
fund transit services are also included.  

Return to Table of Contents

Turnkey Procurement Opportunities and Issues.  Final Report. 
 

June 1992, 104pp, EG&G Dynatrend Inc., Luglio  TJ  and    
Parker   J, 

Report No.   FTA-MA-08-7001-92-1


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office  of   Mobility   Enhancement,   TTS-10
Washington, DC  20590



This report discusses several innovative procurement methods that
involve greater private sector participation in the planning,
engineering, construction, operation and financing of mass
transit fixed guideway 38 systems.  These methods are designed to
contain the cost and risk factors of such projects by sharing the
responsibilities for these factors between public and private
interests.  The report covers the following innovative
procurement methods: turnkey, super turnkey,
build-operate-transfer, build-transfer-operate,  franchises and
others.  It also identifies experiences and issues in the
application of these innovative procurement methods.   

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INFORMATION PROGRAMS



Bus Support Facilities:  Conditions and Needs.


January 1993, 184pp, ATE Management & Service Company, Inc. and  
FTA Office of Policy,

Report No. FTA-VA-08-6001-93-1.


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Budget & Policy,  TBP-10
Washington, DC  20590



This 3-chapter report focuses on the current conditions and
five-year capital needs of the Nation's bus support facility
infrastructure.  The purpose of the study was to develop
estimates of the current condition of the Nation's transit bus
maintenance facilities and the capital investments needed to
assure that these facilities remain in good condition.  Transit
bus systems (213), operating 25 or more vehicles in maximum
revenue service, formed the basis for this review of capital
facility conditions and needs. Separate chapters summarize the
operators' survey results, and the lessons to be learned from the
nine case studies.  

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Celebrating  Excellence  in  Public Transit .


April 1993,   229pp,  Utah Transit Authority, 

(FTA-UT-06-0005-93-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/NTIS Springfield,  
Virginia   22161
NTIS Order No.   PB 93-208205. 



The purpose of this project was to study excellence in the
transit industry.  The tasks included identifying and showcasing
pockets of excellence,  producing a video celebrating industry
excellence, and disseminating a final project report to the 
transit community.  A steering committee  of transit executives,
from New York to California,  was established to define and
identify industry excellence.     This directory contains a full
listing of projects, programs and practices submitted for review
under the Utah Transit Authority's  search for transit industry
excellence.   Twelve of the thirty-six projects were featured in
the "Destination Excellence" video.  Twenty-five projects were
selected for special focus as "Transit Great Ideas."  All 
project entries are listed alphabetically by transit agency name,
and by topic.    

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Compendium of FTA Abstracts 1991-1992.


January 1993, 200pp, Federal Transit Administration,    
D'Antignac P,

Report No.  FTA-TTS-31-93-1


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



The 1991/1992 Compendium is a compilation of Technical Report
Documentation pages that provide bibliographic information and
abstracts for recently available FTA-sponsored project reports.  

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Data Tables for the 1991 Section 15 Report Year.


December 1992, 350pp, COMSIS Corporation, Futrell M and Black TN,

(FTA-MD-08-9009-92-5).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service /NTIS Springfield,
Virginia 22161
NTIS Order No.   PB93-208239.



This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted
to the FTA by the Nation's public transit operators, pursuant to
Section 15 of the Federal Transit Act, as amended.  These data
represent a portion of the 1991 Annual Report.  This report
consists of an introduction, and financial and operating data of
the individual transit systems that submitted complete Section 15
reports.  All data in this report are for fiscal years ending on
or between January 1 and December 31, 1991.

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Federal Transit Administration Six Year Plan for a National
Program of Transit Planning & Research. 


December 1992, 155pp, Federal Transit Administration.    

Report No.  FTA-TTS-05-92-1.


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



This report discusses the 10 topics that form the Federal Transit
Administration's six year plan for a National Program of Transit
Planning and Research.  The topics are: Advanced Public
Transportation Systems; Clean Air; Finance; Human Resources;
Information; Regional Mobility; Safety and Security; Technology
Development; Transit Accessibility; and Planning and Project
Development.  

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FY 1992 Statistical Summaries - Grant Assistance Programs.


March 1993, 132pp, Federal Transit Administration (TGM-10), Tucci
J, 

Report No.  FTA-TGM-10-93-1.


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration 
Office of Grants Management,  TGM-10 
Washington, DC  20590.



This report is the annual update in a series of documents which
present selected analyzed data on the distribution and use of
various formula and discretionary program funds for transit.  
The programs discussed in this report are the principal source of
Federal financial aid to urban and non-urban areas for transit. 
Data is compiled from the capital, operating and the planning
assistance grants awarded to transit agencies, states,
metropolitan planning organizations and other units of local
governments.  The data is presented in various tables, charts,
and graphs.
 
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Glossary of Transit Terms Used for
Section 15 Report.


November 1992,23pp, COMSIS Corporation, (FTA-MD-08-9009-92-6).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS Springfield,
Virginia 22161
NTIS Order No.  PB 93-207231



This report provides a comprehensive glossary of terms used for
the FTA Section 15 program.  Section 15 of the Federal Transit
Act, as amended, provides for the establishment of a uniform
system of transit accounts and records plus a reporting system
for the collection and dissemination of public mass
transportation financial and operating data by uniform
categories.  
 
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Introduction to the Section 15 Program, the National Transit
Database. Brochure 


July 1993, 12pp, Federal Transit Administration, 

Report No. FTA-MD-08-9009-93-1. 


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration
Section 15 Program, Room 9311
Washington, DC  20590.



This brochure is an introduction to the FTA Section 15 program. 
The Section 15 program is the FTA's National database of
statistics for the transit industry;  it is officially called 
The Uniform System of Accounts and Records and Reporting System
and is authorized under Section 15 of the Federal Transit Act. 
The FTA has established both a system to record standardized
public mass transportation financial and operating data, and a
national reporting system for these statistics.  In addition, FTA
has developed an extensive database of transit information that
is available to the public.  Basically, Section 15 provides a
unique National source of standardized and comprehensive data for
use by all transit industry constituencies. 

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Public Transportation Decisionmaker.  


Winter 1993, Volume 1, Number 1, 28pp, 
The United States Conference of Mayors, 

(FTA-TBP-30-93-1).  


Available from:

The United  States Conference of Mayors
1620 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600
Washington, DC   20006
Phone: (202)293-7330  
FAX: (202)293-2352



This Winter issue focuses on  the complexities of the Intermodal
Surface Transportation Efficiency Act  (ISTEA) of 1991 and  the
changing effect on the Nation's surface transportation policy. 
Three articles in the Forum section of the journal  discuss the
issue of  dedicated taxes--one case for, one against, and one
article examines the track record of sales tax elections.  The
other eight articles feature  ISTEA in terms of a new vision, the
Federal corner, a revolution, the great compromise, 
implementation,  an MPO battle for change,  advantages of
flexibility, and a consensus building mechanism.  

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Public Transportation Decisionmaker.  A Journal for Local and
State Policymakers. 
 

Spring/Summer 1993, Volume 1, Number 2, 33pp, The U.S. Conference 
of Mayors, 

(FTA-TBP-30-93-2). 


Available from:

The United States Conference of Mayors
1620 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600
Washington, DC  20006
Phone: (202)293-7330  
FAX: (202)293-2352



This is the second  issue of Transportation Decisionmaker. 
The journal is designed to meet the needs of mayors, county
officials, state legislators, state secretaries of transportation
and all other decisionmakers involved in transportation issues. 
This  issue includes an article by the Secretary of
Transportation, Federico Pe¤a.  It includes, what will become a
regular feature of the journal, an article from a member of the
Advisory Board organization;  in this issue, Jack Gilstrap,
Executive Vice President of the American Public Transit
Association.  Other  topics covered include an assessment  of the
interstate highway system relative to public transportation and a
counterpoint article;  a discussion of pros and cons of
competitive contracting for transit service;   an article on the
implications of the Clean Air Act; information on the proposed
new planning rules; and, a case study on commuter rail in the
Seattle region.  

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Public Transportation in the United States: Performance and
Condition. Report to Congress.


May 1992, 127pp, Federal Transit Administration ,

Report No.  FTA-TBP-10-92-3.


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Budget & Policy, TBP-10
Washington, DC  20590.



This is the fifth biennial report on the performance and
condition of public mass transportation systems in the United
States.  It has been prepared in accordance with the requirements
of 49 U.S.C. 308.  The report consists of the following three
chapters: Profile of Public Transportation in the U.S.; Transit
Performance and Condition; and Transit Needs.

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The Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges, and Transit
Conditions and Performance.  Report of the Secretary of
Transportation to the United States Congress, Pursuant to Section
307(h) of Title 23, United States Code, and Section 308(e)  of 
Title 49,  United States  Code. 
 

January 1993, 250pp, Federal Highway Administration/Federal
Transit Administration, 

(FTA-TBP-10-93-1).


Available from:

Federal Highway Administration
Office of Policy Development,  HPP-22
Washington, DC  20590



This report  is submitted by the Secretary of Transportation to
the Congress pursuant to Sections 307(h) of Title 23, United
States Code and Section 308(e) of Title 49, United States Code. 
The report contains detailed information on system
characteristics, finance, and trends in condition and
performance.  It also includes capital investment requirements
from all sources.  This 1993 version merges highway and bridge
investment analysis and presentation with similar transit
analysis to present a more complete assessment of surface
transportation systems.  The report includes  a section on
environmental conditions and performance.  
 
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Technical Assistance and Safety Programs:  FY 1992 Project
Directory


February 1993, 113pp, Federal Transit Administration, Rodano E,

Report No.  FTA-TTS-5-93-1.


Available from:

Federal Transit  Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



This Directory contains brief descriptions of Technical
Assistance & Safety projects initiated during Fiscal Year 1992 by
the Office of Technical Assistance & Safety.  The directory is
designed to inform the public and the transit industry of the
nature and scope of work underway to assist State and local
agencies in improving services and reducing the cost of public
transit.  

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Technical Assistance Briefs of the FTA Office of Technical
Assistance & Safety National Planning and Research Program. 
 

Spring and Summer 1993, Federal Transit Administration. 


Briefs Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



FTA Technical Assistance Briefs are published periodically and
are  a good reference tool for transit professionals and others
interested in transit research and planning programs.  The
purpose of the briefs is to provide the transit community and the
general public with information on the  current activities of the
program areas of the FTA  National Planning and Research Program.



Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS).


 

Bus Testing Program.




Clean Air.




Finance.




Human Resources.  




Regional Mobility. 




Safety & Security.


  

Technology Development. 


 
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Transit Profiles: Agencies in Urbanized Areas Exceeding 200,000
Population for the 1991 Section 15 Report Year.


December 1992, 310pp,
COMSIS Corporation,

Report No. FTA-MD-06-0194-92-2.


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration 
Section 15 Program, Room 9311
Washington DC  20590.



This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted
to the FTA by the Nation's public transit operators, pursuant to
Section 15 of the Federal Transit Act, as amended.  The
publication consists of individual profiles for each transit
reporting agency located in an urbanized area with a population
exceeding 200,000.  The data contained in each profile consists
of general and summary reports, as well as modal, performance and
trend indicators for the 1991 report year.  
 
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Transit Profiles: Agencies in Urbanized Areas with a Population
of Less Than 200,000 for the 1991 Section 15 Report Year.


December 1992, 240pp, COMSIS Corporation, 

Report No.  FTA-MD-06-0194-92-3.     


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration 
Section 15 Program, Room 9311
Washington, DC  20590.



This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted
to the FTA by the Nation's public transit operators, pursuant to
Section 15 of the Federal Transit Act, as amended.  The report
consists of individual profiles for each transit reporting agency
located in an urbanized area with a population of less than
200,000.  The data contained in each profile consists of general
and summary reports, as well as modal, performance, and trend
indicators for the 1991 report year.  The 1991 Report Year is
defined as a transit reporting agency with a fiscal year ending
on or between  January 1 and December 31.  

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Transit Profiles of the Thirty Largest Agencies for the 1991
Section 15 Report Year.
  

October 1992, 83pp, COMSIS Corporation, Report No. 

FTA-MD-06-0194-92-4.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Section 15 Program, Room 9311
Washington, DC  20590.  



This  Section 15 publication consists of consolidated profiles
for the 30 largest transit agencies in the United States.  The
criteria used to determine the 30 largest transit agencies is
operating expense reported for the 1991 report year.  Data
contained in each profile consists of general and summary
reports, as well as modal, performance, and trend indicators for
the 1991 report year.  The 1991 report year is defined as a
transit reporting agency with a fiscal year ending on or  
between  January 1 and December 31.  

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Vehicle Ownership.  A Competitive Services Board Report.
   

1993, 30pp,  Competitive Services Board, (FTA-TBP-30-93-2).  


Available from:

The Publications Sales Office
The Urban Institute
2100 M Street, NW
Washington, DC  20037


Order:  $5.00 for the first copy, 25 cents for each additional
copy.  


Vehicle ownership is a major decision when private contracting is
being considered.  The purpose of this report is to help managers
arrive at a decision on vehicle ownership.  The report focuses on
the issue of public or private vehicle ownership from both the
contracting agency's and the potential contractor's viewpoint. It
discusses conditions favoring public and private ownership,
reviews existing examples and conditions of both public and
private ownership, and provides some "do's and don'ts" 
guidelines when contracting for service.  Clearly, the key
factors identified as influencing the ownership  decision should
be reviewed by any public agency before any final decision is
made.  In addition, the agencies should consult with other
transit systems to obtain current and recent experiences with
both forms of ownership.  Examples of how two agencies have dealt
with vehicle ownership  are  provided  in  Appendix  B.  

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PLANNING & PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
 



Characteristics of Urban Transportation Systems.Revised
Edition.


September 1992, 152pp, Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Levinson HS,

(FTA-TGM-20-92-3).  


Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590 .
Order No.  DOT-T-93-07



This report is designed to provide a single source of sketch
planning data on the most important performance characteristics
of contemporary urban transportation systems in a format that
lends itself to easy reference.  This seventh update of the
handbook does not deal explicitly with passenger demand, but
assesses only the supply or performance characteristics of
selected systems.  Separate chapters deal with rail transit; bus
transit; automobiles, trucks, and the highway system;
high-occupancy vehicle lanes;  and automated guideway transit.

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Commuter Intercity Rail Improvement Study: Boston-New York.
  

May 1993, 226pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center,   
Northeast Corridor Improvement Study Team, 

(FTA-MA-06-0196-93-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/NTIS 
Springfield, Virginia 22161
NTIS Order No.  PB93-217602 

 

This study identifies and characterizes the costs and benefits 
of improvements that could be achieved in commuter and intercity 
rail passenger service on the Boston-New York portion of the
Northeast Corridor (the 456-mile system of railroad passenger
service infrastructure extending from Boston to Washington DC
with New York City at its midpoint).  The study clarifies the
nature, costs and benefits of major investments in the rail
infrastructure and brings together the results of studies,
analyses and estimates by the participating public agencies,
operating railroads and others, as well as independent
assessments by the study team.  In this report, major
infrastructure rehabilitation and improvement projects are
identified; and potential savings and ridership gains are
discussed. The report presents a series of alternative plans to
achieve the goal of 3-hour trip time between Boston and New York
City.  

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Commuter Rail State-of-the-Art: Study of Current Systems.


December 1992, 108pp,   Florida International University,    
Shen DL, 

(FTA-FL-11-0018-92-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/NTIS 
Springfield, Virginia  22161
NTIS Order No.  PB 93-145753.



This is a state-of-the-art study of current commuter rail systems
in the United States.  The report profiles 12 existing commuter
rail systems in the United  States.   It reviews each system's 
characteristics, and provides detailed information on operations,
fare collection, stations, maintenance facilities, patronage,
railcars and feeder systems.  It provides more general
information on several new or planned commuter rail systems
nationwide.  The study identifies trends in commuter rail
operations and development, including bi-level cars,
circumferential routes, as well as new approaches to funding and
system support.  A bibliography is included.  

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Construction Costs and Operating Characteristics of Vintage
Trolleys.


March 1992, 210pp, KPMG Peat Marwick, Jewell  M,     

(FTA-TGM-20-92-2).


Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington,  DC  20590 
Order No.  DOT-T-92020



The purpose of this study was to  research the institutional
arrangements, service characteristics and costs associated with
vintage trolley systems currently being operated in order to
provide a base of information for making informed funding
decisions for future projects.  The following systems were
examined: McKinney Avenue Line in Dallas TX; Platte River Trolley
in Denver CO; Detroit Citizens' Railway in Detroit MI; Fort
Collins Municipal Railway Society's Line in Fort Collins CO;
Trolley in Galveston TX; St. Charles and Riverfront Streetcar
Lines in New Orleans;  Vintage Trolley in Portland OR; TransitMall Loop in San Jose CA; and Waterfront  line in Seattle WA. 

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Estimation of Operating and Maintenance Costs for Transit 
Systems. Final Report.


December 1992, 221pp, KPMG Peat Marwick,     

(FTA-DC-08-9099-93-1).


Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590, .
Order No.   DOT-T-93-21



This report provides guidance for the development and application
of operating and maintenance (O&M) cost models. It supplements
the FTA report titled  Procedures and Technical Methods for
Transit Project Planning.  An O&M cost database containing
representative information for motor bus, rapid rail, light rail
and commuter rail modes is presented. The data provides 1) labor
productivity and unit cost information that can be directly
applied in structuring O&M cost models, and 2) aggregate costs
per unit of service for major functional areas at peer transit
properties.  Ten principles of O&M cost modeling for use in
alternative analysis and preliminary engineering are presented
along with descriptions of O&M cost database, and guidelines for
documentation of O&M cost models..

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Improving the Efficiency of Bus Priority Lane Treatments in New
York City.
 

October 1992, 170 pp, New York City Department of Transportation,
Division of Surface Transit Operations, 

(FTA-NY-08-0185-93-1).  


Available from:

National Technical Information Service /NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161

NTIS Order No.  PB 93-143667


Successful priority bus lane treatment result in reduced travel
time, improved schedule reliability, and increased ridership for
buses.  New York City has implemented 22  priority bus lanes in
the past decade throughout the 5 boroughs.  Some of these  have
been successful; however, excessive violations can degrade the
efficiency of operation.  The most common strategy is to put an
enforcement agent right in the middle of the action, which is
expensive.  The purpose of this study is to examine the operation
of existing bus lanes in New York City and to identify techniques
to attain  low  violation  rates  with fewer agents.  

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Increasing the Productivity of the Nation's Urban Transportation
Infrastructure.  Measures to Increase Transit Use and Carpooling.


January 1992, 300pp,  Harvard University, Kain JF.

(FTA-MA-11-0045-92-1).
 

Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program 
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-92-17



This report surveys the growing use of bus and carpool priority
measures to increase the productivity of the Nation's
transportation structure.  Although the report identifies a wide
variety of priority measures, the main focus is on the planning
and operation of exclusive and shared busways and high-occupancy
vehicle (HOV) facilities.  

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ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: The Concept, The Practice and The
Vision.  Proceedings of a Conference.  Special Report 240
.  

December 1992, 181pp, Transportation Research   Board,       

(Special  Report   240).


Order from:

Transportation Research Board
National Academy Press
Washington, DC  20418
Order No.  Special Report 240



This report documents the proceedings of  a National Conference
on  the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
(ISTEA) and Intermodal Planning Issues: The Concept, The
Practice, The Vision,  held December 2-4, 1992, in Irvine, 
California.   It was the first TRB conference to be cosponsored 
by all five modal administrations of the U.S. Department of
Transportation.  Participants  represented every mode of
transportation.  The objectives of the conference were to: reviewthe evolution of the planning and funding of the U.S.
transportation systems; identify new planning mechanisms
developed in ISTEA;  identify issues  to be addressed  in order
to achieve more economically and environmentally efficient
systems; and assess how these issues should be integrated in the
planning process.  This Proceedings report  consists of the
chairman summary, conference findings, workshop reports (6),
resource papers (12), conference perspectives, steering committee
biographical information, and a list of participants.  

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Manual on Contracting for Vehicle Maintenance Services.
 

October 1992, 248pp, Iowa State University, Maze TH   and   
Waggoner KM, 

(FTA-IA-11-0008-92-1). 


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/NTIS
Springfield, VA  22161
NTIS Order No.  PB 93-144251



The purpose of this manual is to assist transit agency managers
and supervisors who are considering the procurement of vehicle
maintenance services from private, independent contractors. 
Although the manual focuses on rural, small urban and specialized
transit operations, it contains useful information for all public
agencies intending to purchase vehicle maintenance services
through competitively awarded 
contracts. Covered in separate chapters are guidelines for
contracting, competitive bidding, competitive negotiation, and
contract controlling, as well as the implications of drug testing
requirements.  It has been found that when a transit agency
purchases vehicle maintenance services using third party
providers, the use of competitive bidding/negotiations (as
opposed to small purchase agreements) almost always reduces the
cost of vehicle maintenance and improves the quality of
maintenance services.  

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Measurement of Transit Benefits.


June 1993, 162pp, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Beimborn E
and Horowitz A,       

(FTA-WI-11-0013-93-1).  


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia 22161 
NTIS Order No.   PB 93-208122.



The objective  of this research is to view public transit
benefits from a broad perspective in order to gain a better
understanding of how their measurement can be used to assist in
decisionmaking.  This report provides a comprehensive view of the
range of transit services and indicates various methods that can
be used to assess their benefits.  The framework proposed for
compiling and assessing these impacts is a five branched benefit
tree, which is explained in detail in the document.  The document
provides an overview of benefits and how they are defined,
including economic versus non-economic, national versus regional,
local versus areawide, and perceived versus measured.  Techniques
for air pollution assessment and for employment impacts are
discussed in detail. This report provides a list of major
findings and recommended procedures that can serve as a set of
guidelines for any benefits analysis. 

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Modernization of the Nation's Rail Transit Systems:  A Status
Report.
   

August 1992, 94pp, Gannett Fleming, Engineers and Planners,

(FTA-PA-08-6005-92-1). 


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS 
Springfield, Virginia  22161  
NTIS Order No. PB 93-145977.



This report is a review and update of the progress made by the
major urban transit authorities in rail modernization since 1984.
The first Rail Modernization Study (1987) projected a cost of
$17.8 billion (in 1983 dollars) to upgrade the Nation's rail
system to a "good" condition over the ten year period from 1984
through 1993.  This  report projects the need to spend another
$15.5 billion to $17.2 billion (in 1991 dollars) on rail
modernization over the ten year period 1992 through 2001 to bring
rail systems to a "good" condition.  The report indicates that
complying with the Americans With Disabilities Act will  add $565
million to this need.  In this report recent trends in spending
on rail modernization by  Federal, state, and local governments
are examined.    A list of rail systems evaluated in this study
is provided.  

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North Bethesda Transitway Feasibility Study.
 

December 1992,  Douglas & Douglas, Inc., et al, prepared  for
Montgomery County Department of Transportation, 

(FTA-MD-03-4500-93-1).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
NTIS Order No.  PB93-144244



This study focused on private sector financing of transit
improvements between North Bethesda business and commercial areas
and the Grosvenor Metrorail Station.  As part of this study, an
investigation was made of the feasibility of using advanced
vehicle and guideway technologies in the transit corridor,
namely, People Movers. The purpose of the study was to determine
the feasibility of implementing a People Mover  line to connect
Rock Spring Park and Montgomery  Mall with the
Grosvenor-Metrorail Station.  The three People Mover concepts 
selected are discussed in this report  (Monorail Shuttle,
Monorail Loop, and Automated Light Rail Transit alternative)
along with the alignments, costs,  ridership estimates,
financing, and environmental impact.  

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Planning and Project Development Program. Information Packet.
 

1993, Federal Transit Administration, Office of Mobility
Enhancement, 

(FTA-TTS-10-93). 


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Mobility Enhancement, TTS-10
Washington, DC  20590



The FTA has developed a Technical Assistance Program to improve
the state-of-the art in planning, engineering, management, and
procurement methods and, thereby, improve government investments
in transit services, equipment, and facilities.  This Planning
and Project Development Program information packet consists of
four focus areas:  Operations Planning and Analysis, Capital
Planning and Development, Procurement and Engineering Methods,
and Multimodal Planning.  These focus areas are supported by
other FTA activities such as technical assistance provided
through PPTN "The Transit Information Exchange," dissemination 
of research reports, and other outreach activities  such as
conferences, seminars, and courses.   Details on each focus area
are provided in the contents  of this Information Packet. 

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Procedures and Technical Methods for Transit Project Planning. 
February 1993 Supplement.


February 1993,  Federal Transit Administration, 

Report No.  FTA-TGM-20-93-1


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Grants Management,  TGM-20
Washington, DC  20590



This report presents a comprehensive, integrated planning process
for developing and evaluating major transit capital projects. 
The process applies to fixed guideway projects (new rail lines,
busways, peoplemovers) and guideway extensions.  The report is
organized into three sections--Major Capital Investment Planning
Process, Conduct of Technical Analysis, Decisionmaking Process.  

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POLICY ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION



To Classify Transit Services:  Eight Case Studies.  An FTA Policy
Report. 
  

June 1992, 220pp,  Mac Dorman & Associates, Inc.,

Report No.  FTA-VA-06-0143-92-1 


Interlibrary loan available from:

Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL  60201 
    telephone  (708) 491-5273
    FAX (708) 491-8601



or


Institute of Transportation Studies Library
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley, CA  94720
    telephone  (510) 642-3604
    FAX (510) 642-9180



This report presents the results of an analysis of the change in
the mix of fixed-route transit service in eight  metropolitan
areas.  These case studies were conducted for the FTA to support
its 1992 report to Congress concerning transit performance.  The
case studies illustrate the changes in transit performance along
with the different functions served by transit.  The analysis
examined the functions, characteristics, and clientele of six
different types of bus service.  The cases studies examined the
change in the mix of service in the following metropolitan areas:
Albany NY, Miami FL, Los Angeles County CA, Minneapolis/St. Paul
MN, St. Louis MO, San Antonio TX, San Diego CA, and Washington,
DC.  

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National Bus Spare Ratio Study.
   

March 1993, 45pp, Federal Transit Administration, Branch PR.

Report No. FTA-TGM-10-93-3.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Grants Management, TGM-10
Washington, Dc  20590



This National Bus Spare Ratio Study is updated annually by the
FTA Office of Capital and Formula Assistance to monitor the bus
spare ratios of the Nation's transit industry.  The  study
provides a summary of the bus spare ratios for the national
transit industry in all fleet sizes except those grantees
operating under 50 vehicles in maximum service.  The study 
examined the current condition of the industry using trends,
statistical analysis, and exhibits.  All actual spare ratio
percentages are appended in Tables 2, 3, and 4 of this report. 
This report contains graphical information for transit systems
with 50-90 VOMS (vehicles operated in maximum service); 100-249
VOMS; 250-499 VOMS; 500-999 VOMS; and systems with over 1000
VOMS.  Basically, the number of spare buses in the active fleet
for grantees operating 50 or more revenue buses should normally
not exceed 20 percent of the VOMS.  However, this study indicated
that in 1990,  18 transit agencies operated at spare ratios in
excess of 30 percent. Contact Mr. Paul Branch, TGM-10, (202)
366-6694 for a copy of this report.  

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Review of the Transportation Planning Process in the Chicago
Metropolitan  Area.


March 1993, 60pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center,
Lyons W and Deysher B.           


Available from:

Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Kendall Square
Cambridge,  MA   02142.
Order No. FTA-MA-08-9030-93-2



This report is the second of a series produced for the FTA and
the FHWA by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. 
The purpose of the review was to allow the FHWA and the FTA
determine how successfully the Urban Transportation Planning
Process (UTPP) addresses broadly defined regional transportation
needs, and whether the planning process meets the requirements of
the joint planning regulations.  The review focused on the
transportation and air quality planning activities of Chicago
Area Transportation Study, Illinois DOT and the Regional
Transportation Authority and its three divisions.

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Review of the Transportation Planning Process in the  Kansas City
Metropolitan Area.


February 1992, 44pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems  
Center, Spiller D. and Deysher B. 


Available from: 

Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Kendall Square
Cambridge, MA   02142
Order No. FTA-MA-08-9030-93-1



This report is the first in a series produced for FTA by the
VNTSC.  The purpose of this planning review is   to allow FHWA
and FTA to determine how successfully the Urban Transportation  
Planning   Process    (UTPP) addresses regional  transportation
needs, and whether the process meets the requirements of the
joint planning regulations.  Another purpose is to assess the
ability of the existing planning process to address the broader
responsibilities that are being added to the process under the
Clean Air Act and the reauthorization legislation, pending at the
time of this review.  Appendix 3 includes the support
documentation reviewed.  

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Review of the Transportation Planning Process in the Pittsburgh
Metropolitan Area.


March 1993, 51pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center,
Lyons W (FHWA) and Jensen-Fisher R (FTA).
 

Available from: 

Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Kendall Square
Cambridge, MA  02142.
Order No. FTA-MA-08-9030-93-4



This is a comprehensive review of the planning process in the
Pittsburgh metropolitan area, conducted by the FHWA and FTA
headquarters and regional staffs with input from state, regional
and local transportation agencies.  The purpose of this review
was to determine how successfully the urban transportation
planning process (UTPP) addresses the regional transportation
needs, and whether the planning process meets the requirements of
the joint planning regulations.  The review focused on the
transportation and air quality planning activities for the
Pittsburgh region.  The Federal team reviewed supporting
documentation that included the State Implementation Plan for air
quality planning; the UPWP; the 1984 long range Regional
Transportation Plan; the Transportation Improvement Program, and
other technical materials related to the UTPP.  

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REGIONAL MOBILITY



Assessment of High-Occupancy Vehicle Facilities in North America
Executive Report.  Technical Report 925-5F. 
. 

August 1992, 95pp,  Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M
University System, Turnbull KF,    

Report No.  FTA/TX-89/1-925-5F.  


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Planning, TGM-20
Washington, DC  20590



This report is the final report of a 3-year assessment study  of
high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane projects located either on
freeways or in separate rights-of-way in North America.   The
report includes a discussion of the purpose of the assessment, an
overview of the status of HOV facilities in North America,
suggested procedures for evaluating HOV projects, detailed
information on selected HOV case studies, proposed future HOV
projects, and areas for further research.  A procedure for
evaluating freeway HOV lanes was also developed to provide a
national model for areas interested in conducting
before-and-after evaluations and ongoing monitoring activities. 
This report should be of benefit to transportation professionals
and others in ensuring that HOV projects are planned, designed,
implemented, and operated to maximize the  potential benefits
from the use of these facilities.  

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Cashing Out Employer Paid Parking. Final Report.


December 1992, 155pp, University of California, Los Angeles,
Shoup DC, 

(FTA-CA-11-0035-92-1).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service, NTIS
Springfield, Virginia 22161.
NTIS Order No.  PB 93-208189



This report identifies employer-paid parking as an invitation to
drive to work alone, and at cross purposes with costly public
policies designed to reduce traffic congestion, energy
consumption, and air pollution.   The purpose of this study is to
explore the problems created by employer-paid parking, to propose
a solution to these problems and to predict the consequences of
the proposal.  To deal with the problems created by tax-exempt
employer-paid parking, the study proposes a minor technical
change in the Internal Revenue Code, namely, that employers who
subsidize employee parking should be required to offer employees
the option to take a taxable cash travel allowance in lieu of the
tax-exempt parking subsidy.  Case studies and a statistical model
suggest that offering employees the option to take their parking
subsidies as in-lieu cash could reduce solo driving to work by 20
percent, reduce automobile travel to work by 76 billion VMT per
year, save 4.5 billion gallons of gasoline per year, eliminate 40
million metric tons of CO2 emissions per year, and increase tax
revenues by $1.2 billion per year. 

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Examining Congestion Pricing Implementation Issues:  Summary of
Proceedings. Searching for Solutions, Policy Discussion Series
No. 6.
  

December 1992, 60pp, Federal Highway/Federal Transit
Administration.  


Available from:

Federal Highway Administration
Office of Policy Development, HPP-13
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  FHWA-PL-93-008



One of the proposed methods of reducing congestion is congestion
pricing.  The FHWA and FTA designed this symposium in
anticipation of the solicitation for pilot project proposals. The
symposium brought together more than 160 transportation
officials, economists, and environmentalists from the public and
private sectors to identify and discuss key issues that must be
considered in the implementation of congestion pricing pilot
projects. This proceedings report summarizes the plenary and
breakout sessions of the Congestion Pricing Symposium held at the
Key Bridge Marriott Hotel in Arlington, Virginia, June 10-12,
1992. Copies of papers presented at the plenary sessions are
available under separate cover upon request to the FHWA's
Transportation Division, Attention: Jean Stock, HPP-13.   

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Exploring the Role of Pricing as a Congestion Management Tool. 
Searching for Solutions: A Policy Discussion Series. 


March 1992, 31pp, Federal Highway Administration/Federal Transit
Administration.
 

Available from:

Federal Highway Administration
Office of Policy Development, HPP-13
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  FHWA-PL-92-012



This report summarizes a Federal Highway/Federal Transit
Administration seminar on the application of pricing principles
to congestion management, held in Washington, DC, on July 23,
1991.  The seminar provided an opportunity for participants to
discuss congestion pricing issues.  This document consists of the
five presentations and the discussions which followed each
presentation.  A complete transcript of the proceedings can be
obtained by writing to the Federal Highway Administration,
HPP-23, Room 3324.

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Guidance for Developing A Business Plan for Entrepreneurial
Service Program Proposals.


December 1992, 49pp, Public/Private Transportation Network,
Kaiser RG and Morgan HE,

(FTA-VA-06-0146-92-1).


Available from:

Public Private Transportation Network 
8737 Colesville Road, Suite 1100
Silver Spring, MD  20910
Order No.  FTA-VA-06-0146-92-1



This manual was developed to assist Entrepreneurial Service
Program (ESP) grant applicants prepare and present a sound
business plan to the FTA.  The outline presented can be used as a
general guideline for applicants developing a business plan to
accompany each ESP grant proposal submitted to FTA.  Appendix A
of this report contains sample forms that can be photocopied for
usage in submitting an ESP proposal.  The Capital Cost Funding
Guidelines, Appendix B, covers reimbursable capital costs for ESP
projects under the Section 3 Program.  Appendix C, provides a
Sample Proposal to illustrate the general level of detail
required in a proposal.  The ESP was conceived by FTA to
stimulate market-driven transit services to become
self-sustaining. ESP is, basically,  a service development
program. 

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High-Occupancy Vehicle Project Case Studies:  Historical Trends
and Project Experiences. Research Report 925-4.


August 1992, 68pp, Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M
University  System, Turnbull KF, 

Report No. FTA/TX-89/1-025-4. 


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Planning, TGM-20
Washington, DC  20590



This document is the fourth report prepared as part of a 3-year
assessment of HOV lanes located either on freeways or in separate
rights-of-way in North America.  It presents an examination of
historical trends, experiences, and impacts of 6 HOV project case
study sites, namely: Houston TX, Minneapolis MN, Orange County
CA, Pittsburgh PA, Seattle WA, and Washington DC/Northern
Virginia.  Other HOV facilities are analyzed using the 9
evaluation measures developed and discussed in this report. 
Results of this study indicate that the HOV case studies and the
other HOV facility studies do provide significant benefits and
are effective transportation improvements.  Information in this
report should be useful to transportation professionals
interested in ensuring that existing and planned HOV projects are
developed and operated in a cost-effective   and  efficient  
manner.      

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Impact of Various Land Use Strategies on Suburban Mobility.


December 1992, 220pp, Middlesex Somerset Mercer Regional
Council, Stallsmith E,

(FTA-NJ-08-7001-93-1).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
NTIS Order No. PB93-208163.



This report documents the  Middlesex Somerset Mercer (MSM)
Regional Council and its team of technical consultants study on
the interaction  between suburban land use trends and regional
traffic conditions. It tested the concept of higher density,
mixed-use centers in a suburban setting in order to assess the
type and level of transportation benefits that might occur.   
Results verify what had previously been theory, i.e., that
concentrating new suburban development into higher density,
mixed-use centers will slow the growth of regional vehicular use.
The study tested the traffic impact of locating the region's new
employees in Trenton and New Brunswick, and in tightly clustered
suburban employment centers.  Under scenarios proposed in the
study, new residents would work and shop closer to their homes.
Commuters  would have transit and ridesharing opportunities
available,  and a significant number would take advantage of
these choices because of incentives provided by regional demand
management policies.  The study demonstrated that this approach
to land use would create a significant reduction in the growth in
traffic.    

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The Miami Jitney.
  

September 1992, 73pp, Urban Mobility Corporation, in association
with KPMG Peat Marwick Mundle & Associates, Inc.,

(FTA-DC-06-0656-92-1).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
NTIS Order No. PB 93-146256



Although private jitneys have been a part of Miami's
transportation scene for many years, the current and rapid
proliferation of unlicensed jitney operations has created heated
debates and conflicting views as to the role and impact of jitney
operations in Miami.  This report presents the findings and
conclusions of the Miami jitneys study.  The study intent was to
determine whether and how the private minibus/jitney service 
might  be most productively integrated into Dade County's public
transportation system without jeopardizing private enterprise and
public mobility and safety.  This report provides a historical
overview of jitney services, the jitney market, and the impact of
jitney operations  on the Metrobus system.   

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Reverse Commute Transportation Emerging Provider Roles.


March 1992, 130pp, University of Arizona, Rosenbloom  S, 

(FTA-TX-11-0021-92-1). 


Available from:

National  Technical Information Service/NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
NTIS Order No. PB 93-120111



This study reports the findings of a research project designed to
identify and evaluate both historical and contemporary reverse
commute (RC) experiments and projects.  It  identifies the
socio-economic and geographic conditions which create markets for
RC services in local communities.  The report describes and
compares methods of providing home-to-work services for inner
city residents employed or seeking  employment in suburban areas,
with special emphasis on new roles for private sector operators. 
The study evaluates the conditions under which various models of
RC services,  and alternative providers, do or could have long
term viability  or be integrated into an existing transit system.
The study notes that there is an important role for private
entrepreneurs in reverse commuting, largely as contractors to
public agencies and transit operators.  

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Sixth National Conference on High Occupancy Vehicle Systems.
Moving into the 21st Century. 


June 1993, TRB Circular No. 409, Transportation Research   
Board. 


Available from:

Transportation Research Board
2101 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC  20418
Order No. TRB Circular 409



These proceedings summarize the highlights from the Sixth
National Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems, which was
held in the fall of 1992 in Ottawa, Ontario.  The conference
brought together transportation professionals from both the
United States and Canada.  The Conference theme--Moving into the
21st Century-- provided the overall focus for the keynote
speeches, general sessions and workshops.  A wealth of
information was presented and discussed on new HOV projects. 

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Suburban Parking Economics and Policy: Case Studies of Office
Worksites in Southern California.


September 1992, 144p, California State Polytechnic University,
Pomona, Wilson RW,

(FTA-CA-11-0036-92-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
NTIS Order No. PB 93-14428 



This research study explores issues of parking supply and demand,
parking pricing, and parking policy in the suburbs.  Ten case
studies are included, representing three overall types of
developments: small single- purpose projects under 50,000 square
feet, medium-sized  projects between 50,000 and 200,000 square
feet, and large-scale projects over 200,000 square feet.  The
study concludes that parking is substantially oversupplied at
suburban office worksites, and that employers rarely receive
appropriate price signals about the cost of providing parking.  

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Transportation Management Associations in the United States.
 

May 1992, 176pp, Georgia Institute of Technology, Meyers M. and  
Ferguson E,

(FTA-GA-11-0022-92-1).


Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590 
Order No. DOT-T-92-22 .



This report examines the use of transportation management
associations (TMAs) as institutional arrangements for
implementing transportation demand management strategies at large
urban and suburban employment activity centers.  Over 110 TMAs
were identified.  The issues investigated included TMA
initiation, leadership, corporate membership, budgeting and
finance, including membership dues revenue, goals and objectives,
products and services, performance monitoring and evaluation, and
short term implementation priorities.  The study found that
California TMAs focus on privatization while non-California TMAs
are based more on public-private partnerships. 

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RURAL & SPECIALIZED TRANSIT 



Final Report on the DOT/DHHS Coordination Roundtable.


August 1992, 29pp, Joint DOT/DHHS Coordinating Council on Human  
Services. 


Available from:

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation
Washington, DC  20590
Order No.  DOT-T-93-06



This report summarizes the major findings of the Coordination
Roundtable meeting that was held on August 12, 1992, at the  Ritz
Carlton Hotel in Arlington, Virginia.  The meeting was sponsored
by the Joint DOT/DHHS Coordinating Council on Human Services
Transportation.  The purpose of the meeting was to identify key
issues related to the development and provision of coordinated
transit services, and to recommend specific actions to further
encourage and facilitate coordinated transportation.  

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RTAP National Program, Technical Assistance Series.  Intercity
Bus Transportation:  New Opportunities for Rural America.
  

1993, Brief Number 11,  Federal Transit Administration and
Community Transportation Association of America, 

(FTA-TTS-31-93).


Available from:

Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) 
1440 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 440
Washington,  DC  20590



Because of the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in 1991, the FTA's Section 18 rural
transit program now has funds set aside for intercity
transportation in rural areas.  This brief describes  intercity
transportation and the new opportunities  it  offers   rural 
transit agencies.  The purpose of the series is to extend the
reach of the FTA/RTAP  National Peer-to-Peer  Technical
Assistance  Network.  

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Ruralization of Risk Management: A Handbook for Small Transit 
Operators.


December 1992, 160pp, North Carolina A&T State University,
Walther ES, 

(FTA-NC-11-0018-92-1). 


Available from

Technology Sharing Program
Department of Transportation 
Washington, DC  20590
Order No. DOT-T-93-14



This report is an attempt to tell the story of risk management in
an easy-to-read, to the point and helpful way.  The report
provides an overview of  risk management concepts in a
non-technical fashion for the operators of rural transit systems.
The document begins with a general introduction to risk
management, including the five key parts of a risk management
program.  It discusses liability exposures, and covers the
characteristics of effective risk reduction and loss control
programs.  The document also reviews typical components of
insurance contracts (policies).  As a tool to facilitate risk
assessment, the report proposes a risk exposure questionnaire for
rural public transit systems, and describes its use.  Appendices
include a literature review and bibliography on the topic.  

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The Tenth National Conference on Rural Public Transportation:
Proceedings, Asheville, North Carolina, October 13-16.


May 1992, 93pp, University of North Carolina.
 

Available from: 

Technology Sharing Program 
Department of Transportation 
Washington, DC  20590
Order No. DOT-T-93-29



The theme, "Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow," provided the
foundation for exploring important issues, namely--accessible,
affordable transportation. This proceedings report contains
overviews of more than half of the conference sessions conducted.
The speakers' papers and/or presentation outlines are also
included in this report. 

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SAFETY AND SECURITY



Development of Analytical Techniques for Risk Management
Training.


November 1992, 66pp, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Barnett JR,

(FTA-MA-11-0050-92-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, VA  22161
NTIS Order No. PB 93-146066.



This project developed an orderly, systematic framework for rail
transit system fire safety analysis.  The engineering method is a
new risk management tool that provides a cost effective means to
evaluate fire safety systems.  

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Fire Safety Countermeasures for Urban Rail Vehicles.


July 1992, 76pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center,
Hathaway WT and Baker J,

Report No.  FTA-MA-06-0200-92-1.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



This report identifies fire safety  measures that may be
implemented to prevent ignition, slow down or contain the fire
when ignition occurs, and facilitate passenger evacuation in
existing and new rail transit vehicles.  These countermeasures
can be implemented in the following areas: vehicles, equipment,
procedures, human factors, training, information management and
data analysis.  

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Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Urban, Rural
and Specialized Transit Systems.  Final Report.


January 1991, 134pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems
Center, Hathaway WT, 

Report No: FTA-MA-06-0196-91-1.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



This report explores techniques to deal with emergencies in small
transit agencies, namely: passenger falls; vehicle breakdown,
collision, fire or rollover; driver incapacitation; severe
weather; and others.  It contains recommendations to help transit
properties and emergency response organizations evaluate and
modify or supplement their emergency response plans, procedures,
training, and vehicle features.  The report should be useful to
managers of small transit systems.

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Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Elderly and
Disabled Rail Transit Passengers.


February 1992, 80pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems
Center, Hathaway WT, 

Report No.  FTA-MA-06-0186-89-1.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590.



This document contains recommendations designed to assist rail
transit system and emergency response organization personnel in
evaluating and modifying or supplementing their emergency
response plans to address the needs of elderly and disabled
passengers.  The report is a supplement to the FTA report titled
Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Rail Transit
Systems .

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Safety Management Information Statistics (SAMIS): 1991 Annual
Report.
 

February 1993, 28pp, Volpe National Transportation Systems 
Center, Rudich R, 

Report No.  FTA-MA-26-0009-93-1.


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



This annual report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit
accident and casualty statistics reported by transit systems in
the United States during 1991 under the FTA Section 15 reporting 
system.  The report compiles uniformly collected comprehensive
safety reports from nearly 600 agencies and provides a wealth of
detail unmatched by any other mode of transportation.  Transit
modes covered in this report include: Automated Guideway,
Commuter Rail, Demand Response, Motor Bus, Rapid Rail, Light
Rail, and Vanpool.  

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Standardization of Availability, Locality, and Use of Safety
Equipment on Urban Transit Buses.  Final Report 


December 1992,  KETRON Division of the Bionetics Corporation,
Balog  JN and Gribbon RB, 

Report No.  FTA-TTS-3-92-1.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance & Safety
Washington, DC  20590



This document concludes a project undertaken to identify
guidelines that will correct the problems encountered by rescue
forces while attempting to gain entry to shut down and evacuate
urban transit buses involved in an emergency or accident.  This
final report presents: the availability, location, and use of
eleven key safety components on six urban transit bus models; the
process used in the development of standardization guidelines;
and proposed guidelines for the potential standardization of ten
key safety components on urban transit buses.  The guidelines
presented in this report are the result of original research and
development efforts by KETRON in concert with input from an
inter-industry Guidelines Development Committee, representing
vehicle manufacturers, engine suppliers, the American Public
Transit Association, FTA, the VNTSC, maintenance managers,
transit authorities, emergency response forces, bus window
suppliers, and other vendors. 

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TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT



Alternative Electric Energy Sources for Rail Transit.   Final 
Report,  Phase 1. 


January 1993, 273 pp, Carnegie Mellon Research Institute, Rail
Systems Center, Uher RA and Howard J, 

(FTA-PA-06-0120-93-1).  


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
Contact NTIS at (703) 487-4650.



Electrical energy costs for rail transit systems in North America
constitute the second largest item in annual operating budgets.
The purpose of this project was to investigate the feasibility of
electrically operated rail transit systems using alternative
sources of power, i.e., energy storage, non-native (local)
utility generation, non-utility generation, self generation, as
an energy cost reduction strategy.  This report discusses energy
storage and bypass and the conditions required for a rail transit
system seriously  considering an alternative energy source.   The
work included reviewing current rail transit energy costs, use
patterns, rate structures, and forecasting future electric energy
needs.  Results of  energy cost reduction strategies used by the
four participating rail transit systems  are analyzed in separate
sections.  Technical, institutional, and regulatory issues are
discussed along with opportunities for alternative energy sources
(energy storage and bypass) and steps to alternative power
purchases.  A description of a group of computer programs known
as the Rail Transit Energy Management Model is included in
Appendix  A.  Appendix B contains information on the electric
utility industry.  

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Cold Weather Transit Technology Program.  Volume 1:   Executive
Summary.


December 1992, 46pp, University of Notre Dame, Berry WB and Kahle
KH, 

(FTA-IN-06-0018-92-1).


Available from: 

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia 22161
NTIS Order No.   PB93-207421.



This volume focuses on issues surrounding the development of the
radio frequency (RF) third rail deicing system.  Three prototype
systems were developed and tested. This report presents a summary
of the research effort aimed to develop a radio frequency deicing
system for rail transit.  The summary includes comparative cost
analysis with heated rail, RF coil design, prototype RF system
design, and testing of the prototype on the Massachusetts Bay
Transportation Authority test track.  A review of the development
of the weather station precursor/icing prediction system is
included in this volume.   

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Cold Weather Transit Technology Program. Volume 2: Coil Design
for the Radio Frequency Third Rail Deicer.  Final Report.
  

September 1992, 90pp,   University of Notre Dame, McFadden CD and
Strieter WE, 

(FTA-IN-06-0018-92-2)


Available from:  

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia 22161
NTIS Order No.   PB93-207439



This report documents the basic background theory used in the
design decisions for the radio frequency (RF) coil and RF
generator which made up the RF Third Rail Deicer Prototype Test
System.  Section 1 reviews two coil designs and the C-coil and
Z-coil.  These coils are best adapted to solid state and vacuum
technologies.  Section 2 presents an approach to the nonlinear
thermal problem associated with melting and refreeze of the ice
layer adjacent to the third rail steel surface.    

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Cold Weather Transit Technology Program.  Volume 3: Development
and Test of the Radio Frequency Third Rail Deicer System.  Final
Report.


September 1992, 94pp, University of Notre Dame, Kleinman RL and
Bernard PE, 

(FTA-IN-06-0018-92-3).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia 22161
NTIS Order No.   PB93-206712.



This report describes the activities, accomplishments, and
results of  the actual field tests of a special test car equipped
with radio frequency (RF) third rail deicing equipment on the
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority system.  

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Cold Weather Transit Technology Program:  Volume 4: Heated Rail
vs RF Third  Rail Deicing.  Final Report.


September, 128pp, University of Notre Dame, Berry WB and Kleinman
RL, 

(FTA-IN-06-0018-92-4)


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/NTIS
Springfield, Virginia 22161
NTIS Order No.   PB 93-206738.



This report presents an analysis of the heat required to maintain
the temperature of third rail above freezing during weather
conditions that could result in icing.  The purpose is to compare
heated rail to radio frequency  (RF) deicing.  Volume 4 discusses
a cost analysis that compares costs for a single event, annual
costs based on weather history, maintenance costs and initial
installation costs.  The results show the RF third rail deicer
system to be the cost effective application for a future design
(marketable) model.  

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Cold Weather Transit Technology Program.  Volume 5: Icing
Precursor Measurement - The Automated Weather Station.  Final
Report. 
   

September 1992, 150pp, University of Notre Dame,Berry WB and 
Kleinman RL, 

Report No.  FTA-IN-06-0018-92-5.


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance
Washington, DC  20590



The research effort described in this report is focused on the
development of an automated local weather station.  Works in
progress by highway departments and airfields around the Nation
and abroad are referenced in this report.   A gas-electronic
thermometer for third rail temperature measurement was designed
and tested.  The basic measurements required  for testing are
described in this report, and approaches to definition of a
prediction algorithm are discussed.  

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Cold Weather Transit Technology Program.  Volume 6: Projected
Radio Frequency Third Rail Deicer System Implementation.   Final
Report.
   

September 1992, 56pp, University of Notre Dame, Berry WB and
Kleinman RL, 
Report No.  FTA-IN-06-0018-92-6.


Available from: 

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Technical Assistance
Washington, DC  20590



This report to sets forth a practical combination of equipment
that would allow a deicer system to be used on rail transit
systems.  It anticipates the new construction of a complete car
and equipment specifically for that purpose.  This report
incorporates the basic components already demonstrated, and does
not attempt to modify the concept or equipment selections
previously made.  Overall, the report reviews the basic design
criteria for implementation of the  radio Frequency    (RF) 
Third  Rail  Deicer System which is patterned after the prototype
successfully tested on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation
Authority Test Track during the Winters of  1990-91 and 1991-92. 

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Conducting Pre-Award and Post-Delivery Bus Audit Reviews.
   

September 1993,  78pp, Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc.

Report No.   FTA-DC-90-7713-93-1


Available from:

Federal Transit Administration
Office of Grants Management, TGM-12
Washington, DC  20590        



This report discusses the Federal regulations pertaining to the
procurement of transit buses 
by  recipients of  Federal funds, namely, the Pre-Award and
Post-Delivery Audits of Rolling Stock Purchases, Title 49 of  the
Code of Federal Regulations.  This manual provides guidance to
recipients of Federal funds to help them comply with  the two
parts of the rule:  (1) the pre-award requirements before
entering into a contract with a manufacturer for the procurement
of buses, and  (2) the post-delivery review requirements before
the title of the vehicles is transferred to the recipient,  or
before the buses are placed into transit service.   For
additional information on bus audit reviews, contact  Mr. George
Izumi, Federal Transit Administration, Grants Management Office, 
(202) 366-6475.   

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Development of Track Maintenance Training and Maintenance
Management Information System Programs.
 

June 1993, 57pp, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority,
Bassily FP, 

(FTA-DC-06-0333-92-1)


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS 
Springfield, VA   22161
NTIS Order No.  PB 93-118040.



This report documents the development of a Track Maintenance
Training program and a Track Maintenance Information System as
part of an overall Rail Maintenance Management Information
System.  The training program consists of a curriculum of
courses, a core training program and an ongoing program of
supervisory training courses.    

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Photogrammetry Assessment: New York City Subway.  Final Report.


July 1993, 148pp, NPS Engineering & Technical Services, 

Report No.  FTA-NY-06-0078-93-1.  


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
Contact NTIS at (703) 487-4650



This report summarizes the assessment of three photogrammeric
techniques tested in subway tunnels of the New  York City Transit
Authority: (1) METADAT, close range terrestrial photogrammetry
using stereo photographs;  (2) SACT, system for continuous
measuring of tunnel that provides sectional photographs from
metric cameras; and (3) Videography, a technique that uses a
video camera to record continuous planar pictures from which
dimensional data can be obtained.  These techniques measure
tunnel movement over time, and have been used in documenting
tunnels in Europe.  The study was conducted in 2 phases.  In
Phase 1, the three techniques were tested on the unused tracks 
at the Transit Museum  to provide an assessment  of the
methodology, productivity, and dimensional accuracy of each
technique.  Phase 2 was performed in the Joralemon Street tunnel
and included more extensive testing of the three techniques,  as
well as development of applications that complimented the
methodology and results of each technique.  

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Status of Low-Floor Transit Bus Development.   Final Report.
   

May 1992, 37pp, Battelle, Giuliani CI and Francis GA,  

Report No.  FTA-OH-06-0060-92-1.


Interlibrary loan available from:

Transportation Library
Northwestern University Library
Evanston, IL  60201 
     telephone  (708) 491-5273
     FAX (708) 491-8601



or


Institute of Transportation Studies Library
University of California-Berkeley
Berkeley, CA  94720
     telephone  (510) 642-3604
     FAX (510) 642-9180



The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that transit
buses be accessible to virtually all disabled persons. For
transit this means that accessibility approaches other than lifts
may be required--such as low-floor buses.  This report describes
the status of low-floor bus developments in North America and
Europe and the current availability from both European and North
American bus manufacturers. These current developments are
analyzed to determine whether they are meaningful contributions
to the ultimate goal of complying with the new accessible vehicle
guidelines.  The report discusses the differences between U.S.
and European bus design objectives, passenger seating,
multi-level floor interior, as well as specific legislation and
requirements for accommodating disabled persons on transit buses.

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TRANSIT ACCESSIBILITY
 



Accessibility Handbook for Transit Facilities. 
  

July 1993, 242pp, KETRON Division of Bionetics Corporation, Balog
JN,

(FTA-MA-06-0200-92-1).


Available from:

National Technical Information Service/ NTIS
Springfield, Virginia  22161
NTIS Order No.   PB 93-112498.



This document provides detailed information to help transit
designers and planners to construct and renovate transit
facilities so that they are accessible to individuals with
disabilities of all types, including mobility impairments
requiring the use of a wheelchair.  Approaches are developed to
assure compliance with the September 1991 regulations
implementing the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) for
transit and paratransit services. 

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