List of Figures and Tables

List of Figures

Figure 2-1	Variation in WAFs as a Function of Visibility and Rain Intensity Levels
Figure 2-2	Variation in WAFs as a Function of Visibility and Snow Intensity Levels
Figure 2-3	Impact of Precipitation on Flow-Density-Speed Relationships
Figure 2-4	Sample Traffic Stream Model Variation
Figure 2-5	Dry Flow Rate Percentage in Inclement Weather
Figure 2-6	Dry Speed Percentage in Inclement Weather
Figure 3-1	Incorporating Weather Impacts in DYNASMART-X Structure
Figure 3-2	Illustration of Recursive Estimation-Prediction Implementation
Figure 3-3	Rolling Horizon Procedure
Figure 3-4	DynaMIT Framework
Figure 3-5	Within-Day and Day-to-Day Process
Figure 4-1	Demand- and Supply- side Impacts of Adverse Weather
Figure 5-1	General Format of the weather.dat Input File
Figure 5-2	General Format of the WAF.dat Input File
Figure 5-3	General format of the vms.dat Input File
Figure 5-4	General format of the vls.dat input file
Figure 6-1	The Hampton Roads Network
Figure 6-2	A Dual-Regime Modified Greenshields Model
Figure 6-3	A Single-Regime Greenshields Model
Figure 6-4	Calibrated Speed-Density and Flow-Density Curves for a Freeway Section I-64
Figure 7-1	CHART Network
Figure 7-2	Network Travel Time Comparison
Figure 7-3	OD Travel Time Comparison
Figure 7-4	Standard Deviations of OD Travel Times
Figure 7-5	Time-Varying Local Weather Conditions
Figure 7-6	Time-Varying Speeds on a Weather-Impacted Link
Figure 7-7	Link Speed Comparison
Figure 7-8	Link Density Comparison
Figure 7-9	Accumulated Flow Comparison
Figure 7-10	OD Travel Time Comparison

Table 2-1	Rain Effects on Speed
Table 2-2	Snow Effects on Volume
Table 2-3	Snow Effects on Speed
Table 2-4	Summary of Weather Impact on Macroscopic Traffic Parameters
Table 2-5	Speed Reduction based on Pavement Conditions
Table 2-6	Speed and Capacity Reduction based on Road Type
Table 2-7	Reduction in Capacity from Daylight and Dry Conditions
Table 2-8	Summary of Rain Effects on Capacity
Table 2-9	Volume Reduction due to Snowstorm
Table 2-10	Impact of Environment Conditions on Speed
Table 2-11	Improvements based on the Winter Signal Timing Modification in Anchorage
Table 2-12	Improvements based on the Winter Signal Timing Modification in Minnesota
Table 2-13	Saturation Flow Rates Based on Botha-Kruse Study
Table 2-14	Saturation Flow Rate (vplph)
Table 2-15	Speed (mph)
Table 5-1	Weather-related features in DYNASMART
Table 5-2	Description of the weather.dat input file
Table 5-3	Supply Side Properties related with Weather Impact in DYNASMART-P
Table 5-4	Description of the WAF.dat input file
Table 5-5	Description of the vms.dat input file
Table 5-6	Description of the vsl.dat input file
Table 6-1	Coefficients of Weather Adjust Factor